the core beliefs that nearly all the sects share. In the Shang Dynasty of the 2nd millennium BCE, Chinese thought regarded the Big Dipper as a deity, while during the Han Dynasty, it was considered a qi path of the circumpolar god, Taiyi. 82 According to legend, it was written by Laozi, 83 and often the book is simply referred to as the "Laozi." However, authorship, precise date of origin, and even unity of the text are still subject of debate, 84 and will probably never be known. Taoism first came to Japan during the sixth century.D. ( Analects.1) A key Confucian concept is that in order to govern others one must first govern oneself according to the universal order. This line of thought would have influenced all Chinese individual and collective-political mystical theories and practices thereafter. The Taoist Experience: An Anthology.

Essays on confucianism and taoism

125 Another form of sacrifice involves the burning of joss paper, or hell money, on the assumption that images thus consumed by the fire will reappearnot as a mere image, but as the actual itemin the spirit world, making them available for revered ancestors and. Chan, in Kohn (2000. P?i2191, basusen m, also read Basuusen. Taoism and the Arts of China (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000). The Eastern archetype is dialectic in expecting an unfolding pattern to emerge from an acceptance of simultaneous multiple realities. Xi Mair (2001).